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The Agile Manifesto: four values, twelve principles

The four values and the gist of the twelve principles that define agile — the foundation behind Scrum, Kanban and the PMP's agile content.

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The four values

Agile values the left of each pair more — while still valuing the right:

Value this……over this
Individuals and interactionsoverprocesses and tools
Working softwareovercomprehensive documentation
Customer collaborationovercontract negotiation
Responding to changeoverfollowing a plan

The twelve principles (in brief)

  • Satisfy the customer through early, continuous delivery of value.
  • Welcome changing requirements, even late.
  • Deliver working software frequently (weeks, not months).
  • Business and developers work together daily.
  • Build projects around motivated individuals; trust them.
  • Favor face-to-face conversation.
  • Working software is the primary measure of progress.
  • Maintain a sustainable, constant pace.
  • Continuous attention to technical excellence.
  • Simplicity — maximize the work not done.
  • The best work emerges from self-organizing teams.
  • Reflect regularly and adjust how you work.

Paraphrased for brevity — see the original for exact wording.

Exam traps

  • "No documentation/plans." Agile values them less than the left side, not zero.
  • Agile = Scrum. Scrum is one agile framework; the Manifesto is the shared foundation.
  • Change is bad. Agile explicitly welcomes change as a competitive advantage.

Test yourself

4 quick questions — tap an answer to check it instantly. Nothing is sent anywhere.

1. The Agile Manifesto has how many core values?

Answer: B. Four values and twelve principles.

2. Which does agile value MORE?

Answer: B. 'Individuals and interactions over processes and tools.'

3. In agile, the primary measure of progress is…

Answer: B. 'Working software is the primary measure of progress.'

4. Agile treats changing requirements as…

Answer: B. Agile welcomes changing requirements, even late, as a competitive advantage.

Sources

  1. Beck et al. — Manifesto for Agile Software Development (2001).

Summary and paraphrase for reference. See agilemanifesto.org for the original wording.